Diseases and conditions

What is hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)?

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic disorder that results in unusual growth of blood vessels of the mouth, nose, skin and organs. HHT is a disorder in which some blood vessels do not develop properly. A person with HHT may form blood vessels without the capillaries (tiny blood vessels that pass blood from arteries to veins) that are usually present between arteries and veins. The space between an artery and a vein is often fragile and can burst and bleed much more easily than other blood vessels. There are different types of HHT, including arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and telangiectasias. HHT is a hereditary disorder, which can be diagnosed based on symptoms, family history, or genetic testing.

Female doctor with young girl patient

AVMs occur when an abnormal connection forms between the arteries and veins. Arteries carry blood at high pressure and this pressure is usually released when the blood passes to the vein. When the connection between the artery and the vein is not working correctly, the pressure cannot be released and the vein may expand. These veins are then likely to tear. This can cause a variety of effects, including hemorrhage, depending on the location in the body.

Telangiectasias are smaller malformations of the blood vessels that occur in the skin as well as inside the nose, the stomach and intestines.

How does IR treat HHT?

Interventional radiologists can treat AVMs using embolization, which involves inserting a type of glue into the AVM through a very thin tube called a catheter. This glue blocks blood flow into the AVM, which may help limit blood loss during surgery, as well as slow blood flow which may reduce the chance of bleeding if open surgery is not performed immediately afterward.

Interventional radiologists can also treat pulmonary (in the lungs) AVMs in an endovascular (through the blood vessels) approach with the aim of stopping blood flow within the AVM, thereby greatly reducing the risk of complications.

Disclaimer: SIR is providing this information as a public service. SIR assumes no liability, legal, financial or otherwise for the accuracy of this information or the manner in which it is used. SIR does not offer medical advice. This information is being provided for informational purposes only and should not be used to replace professional medical advice. It is best to seek advice and attention from your physician or qualified health care professional.

Diseases and conditions

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)

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